Computational Science
计算科学是一个快速发展的跨学科领域。科学和技术中有许多问题无法在实验或理论上进行充分研究。它可能太昂贵或太危险了，或者由于所涉及的空间和时间尺度而根本不可能。
In fact, computational science is considered by many to be a third methodology in scientific research, along with theory and experiment, and working in tandem with them. Computational science can be used to corroborate theories that cannot be confirmed or denied experimentally, for example theories relating to the creation of the universe. On the other hand, advances in experimental techniques and the resulting data explosion, allow for data-driven modelling and simulation.
您不应该混淆使用计算方法来处理科学问题的计算科学，以及重点关注计算机本身的计算机科学。话虽如此，计算科学借鉴了计算机科学以及数学和应用科学。计算科学通常由三个主要组成部分组成：
算法和模型
为解决问题而开发的软件
计算机和信息基础架构，例如硬件，网络和数据管理组件。
显然，计算科学是数学，应用学科和计算机科学之间的一个交集。
Some of the disciplines traditionally associated with computational science include: atmospheric sciences (e.g. weather forecasting, climate and ocean modelling, seismology etc.), astrophysics, nuclear engineering, chemistry, fluid dynamics, structural analysis and material research. It’s easy to see why these disciplines were quick to take up computational science.
However, more recently, other disciplines, such as medicine (e.g. medical imaging, blood flow simulations, bone structure simulations), biology (e.g. ecosystem and environmental modelling) and economics became part of computational science as well. It is quite common nowadays to come across terms like computational economics or computational biology.
如果您想知道在英国的国家超级计算机弓箭手上运行哪些申请，请访问相关页on the ARCHER website. Is there anything that surprises you there?
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