什么是积极的核心自我评估，它们如何帮助您成功并赚更多的钱

Hi there. Today we’re going to talk about the power of having a set of beliefs, that researchers call Positive Core Self Evaluations. Let’s begin by talking about what we mean by core self evaluations. Because you have them, I have them, and everyone else has them. And they’re quietly but powerfully affecting our decisions every day, for better and for worse. We usually don’t think much about how our unconscious beliefs affect our abilities to achieve our goals. But researchers around the world think about this a lot. And some of these researchers found that each of us evaluates ourselves in four specific areas. The first is our Self Esteem, and this refers to our beliefs about our overall worth as a person.

现在，自尊心是指我们一般如何看待自己，这与我们在特定领域的描述方式不同。例如，思考，我是个内向或外向或特定时间。例如，想到今天我对自己感觉很好。研究人员将通过调查问题来评估您的自尊心，例如，我对自己感到满意。我们还在研究人员称为自我效能的领域中，有意识地或不自觉地评估自己。这是指我们对完成任务并实现目标的能力的信念。研究人员将通过一个简单的调查问题评估您的自我效能，例如我成功完成任务。

我们评估自己的第三种方式是我们对研究人员所说的控制源的信念。这是指我们认为我们的努力，而不是命运，运气或其他外部影响会对自己，他人和生活成果产生影响。评估您的控制源的调查问题将是我确定生活中会发生什么的事情。情绪稳定是指我们对我们可以有效应对日常生活的起伏的程度的信念。评估您的情绪稳定性的调查问题将是这样的，我有能力应付大多数问题。

Keep in mind that core self evaluations refer to our general and fundamental assumptions about ourselves. And our abilities to achieve our goals, not our assessment of ourselves and our abilities in any specific situation, such as performing well in a particular test or giving a good presentations, or a specific domain. Such as in our specific role as a student, an engineer, a teacher, an artist, or a parent.

具有高核心自我评估的人对自己有积极的思考。他们对自己的能力充满信心。他们觉得自己对环境有一定的控制权。他们倾向于以一种普遍乐观的方式看待周围的世界。现在这很重要，因为生活充满了复杂的情况，这些情况既有正面和负面方面。例如，个人关系和工作关系既令人振奋又令人振奋。我们的工作有吸引力的时代，而无聊或极大的压力。这是一个例子，众所周知，在团队中工作通常会将更多的信息和想法带到表格上，这可以带来更好的决策和更成功的决策实施。

Yet working in teams also requires suppressing your self interest in the service of the group. Working with people who are different than you in important ways. And making decisions that are different than those you might make on your own. Because people with high core self evaluations are more likely to emphasize the positive aspects of working in teams, they’re more likely to approach team tasks enthusiastically and as a consequence reap the awards associated with teamwork.

相比之下，核心自我评估低的人对自己的积极思考不那么积极，对自己的能力的信心较小，并且他们认为他们对发生的事情几乎没有控制权。在评估周围的环境时，他们更有可能专注于负面。结果，在这些情况下，他们可能会感到更多的压力和焦虑。例如，在团队中工作时，他们可能更有可能专注于团队合作的挑战。他们可能必须同意支持他们不完全同意的团队决策，或者团队可能需要比个人自己做出的更长的决定。

或者，团队合作的委派可能并不完全100％平等和公平。或者团队中的每个人都可能没有同样的能力。由于核心自我评估低的人可能会专注于团队合作而不是潜在收益的潜在成本，因此他们可能会更犹豫地加入团队，并且在团队处于团队情况下的有效参与度较小。正如诗人约翰·米尔顿（John Milton）在350多年前所说的那样，思想是一个自己的地方，本身就可以使天堂脱离天堂。

In a review of 149 studies about the impact of core self evaluations, researcher Daisy Chong and her colleagues concluded that people with high core self evaluations tend to have higher work motivation and take on more challenging tasks and are even more satisfied when their work involves complex tasks. They tend to go above and beyond the call of duty more frequently. They persist longer to achieve desired outcomes. And they react more constructively to change. They tend to work more positively with others, and they experience less stress and burnout at work. Consequently, they are more likely to be satisfied with their life in general.

他们更有可能为自己的社区做出贡献，他们更有可能在工作和工作以外的角色之间感到较少的冲突。他们也更有可能享受自己的工作，在工作中表现更好，并被老板更积极地评估。他们也可能赚更多的钱。研究人员蒂莫西·法官（Timothy Judge）和查理丝·赫斯特（Charlise Hurst）进行了一项研究，他们评估了12,000多名14至22岁之间的12,000多名青少年和年轻人的核心自我评估。然后，研究人员研究了年轻时的核心自我评估是否与中期的薪水有关。这将是30年代末40年代初。

研究人员发现，那些在年轻时拥有高核心自我评估的人在中年的收入要比那些以低核心自我评估开始研究的人要多得多。

The researchers also wanted to know whether advantages such as having a privileged background as measured by family income, parental education and the prestige of the parents’ jobs and strong academic performance, as measured by the study participants’ grade point average in their youth, also had an impact on income later in life. They found that the more advantages the participants with high core self evaluations had when they started the study, the greater their salary increased over the years. Specifically, the participants who had privileged upbringings, as well as high core self evaluations, on average were making over $35,000 more each year.

Study participants who had the highest level of academic achievement, as well as high core self evaluations, were making on average over $50,000 more per year. And here’s what’s even more interesting. The income of the people with the lowest core self evaluations barely changed at all throughout their careers. Despite the family advantages and academic achievements early in life. And in some cases decreased as time went on. In fact their salaries at mid life on average were lower than those who didn’t have privileged backgrounds or strong academic achievement, but who had high core self evaluations when they were younger. Clearly our beliefs about ourselves matter.

现在，研究人员认为，具有高核心自我评估的人之间中年收入的差异在很大程度上归功于他们利用机会的程度。他们认为，具有高核心自我评估的人更有可能看到别人错过的机会。而且他们更有可能积极地对这些机会采取行动。因此，具有高核心自我评估的人往往会使自己陷入积极的螺旋上，在这种螺旋上，多年来，奖励繁殖。相比之下，多年来，核心自我评估低的人可能会使自己处于负面螺旋状态，最终会反映出他们的工作选择和收入。

The research on core self evaluations give us some insight into why some people who seem to have everything going for them early in life, such as a privileged background and high grades never reached their potential. It also gives us some insight into why some people who don’t have these early advantages can succeed despite obstacles. For all the power that our beliefs have and our ability to achieve our goals in life, most of us are remarkably unaware of our fundamental belief systems and how they affect our every day choices. But not you any more, because you’re taking this course and maybe even reading the companion book about the science of success.

我们的信念影响了我们设定目标和实现这些目标的策略的高度。我们的信念影响了我们的努力，持久性和韧性。它们会影响我们是否利用机会，还是站在场上并观看机会使我们过去。他们影响我们养育孩子的方式。我们如何在家与亲人互动。我们如何处理工作以及如何管理职业。为了明智而不是天真地利用有关信念力量的研究知识，请务必牢记以下警告。首先，增长思维设定和高核心自我评估，就像其他任何事情一样，如果走得太远，这可能是一个问题。

如果您对自己的能力太确定，则可以高估当前能力，并低估完成工作的时间。然后，您可能无法完成高质量或准时开始的开始。如果您对自己的生活有太高的控制感，那么当您面对无法改变或修复的事情时，您可能很难找到和平。有时，正如佛教徒所说，您只需要放手即可。如果您的自尊心因批判性的自我反思和对他人的同情而无法使自己变成自恋的倾向。

实际上，宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院和耶鲁大学管理学院的艾米·韦斯纳维斯基的研究人员亚当·格兰特（Adam Grant）。发现人们拥有高核心自我评估，他们也是其他面向其他责任感的人，他们更有可能取得更好的工作结果。要记住的另一个警告是，如果任何人都有成长的思想，相信自己并努力努力，那么任何人都可以做任何事情是天真的。有些人比其他人需要更多的支持，并且在得到这种额外的支持时，他们更有可能蓬勃发展。

For example, first generation college students may need more support in learning how to navigate the college environment, so they can strategize how they can best channel their efforts and not loose out on opportunities that they’re not even aware of. People who don’t have access to transportation or quality daycare may have a harder time navigating the professional world despite their best efforts. And people with illnesses and disabilities, including disabilities that aren’t visible to others may face additional hurdles that make it more challenging to achieve their goals without additional support. The main point you should take away from learning about the growth mindset and positive core self evaluations is that your beliefs powerfully affect your future.

而且，无论您从哪里开始，您都可以以可以帮助您取得成功的方式来塑造自己的信念。您的信念将极大地影响您最终的生活。实现目标的人知道，人们没有生来成功，他们会变得成功。

现在您已经了解了信念的力量，我们将转向预测您成功的另一个因素。您发展对您有意义的专业知识，对他人很重要的能力。如您所见，开发这种专业知识并不容易，但这是值得的。我很快就会再见，同时，请保重。