中世纪早期动物和社会的研究

The increasing contribution of zooarchaeology has greatly enhanced our understanding of animals in early medieval society.

观看视频在中世纪早期了解有关动物和社会的更多信息，更重要的是，我们如何了解它们。Once you’re done, continue with the rest of the reading material below.

什么是动物考古学？

Zooarchaeology is a relatively new sub-field in archaeology. It is the study of the remains of animals from archaeological sites to determine the role they played in society.

动物考古学的重要性

该视频展示了动物考古学如何帮助我们阐明中世纪早期动物的重要性。但是，它们的经济重要性也反映在不同的野蛮法律法规中，这些法规高度关注保护动物的所有权，对盗贼以及对动物造成损害的任何人以及其所有者的造成损害的人，从而损害他们的劳动。或经济潜力。野蛮人的法律还保护了死动物的所有权，因为它们对供应肉类和皮肤的价值。例如，伦巴第法律对偷走被狼杀死的动物的皮肤施加了很高的惩罚。

马作为高地位动物

繁殖和骑马，包括在战争中使用马，是许多人群文化不可或缺的一部分。

_{西西里岛亚美丽琳娜广场的帝国别墅德尔卡萨尔的狩猎场景（公元4世纪）}

尽管有些骑兵是罗马军事战略的一部分，但移民团体，例如伦巴第，阿拉伯人和前草原游牧民族，例如匈奴，阿瓦尔斯和玛格尔人，他们围绕着繁殖的传统，有时是骑马的战斗来建立文化。

Horses were high-status animals in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Hunting on horseback, accompanied by hunting dogs or birds, was associated with training for warrior life by barbarian aristocracies and, as will be further discussed later, was to become increasingly important during the Early Middle Ages.

_{马赛克与迦太基的狩猎场景（公元5/6世纪）}

早期的中世纪富兰克什，勃艮第和巴伐利亚法律法规中提到了海狸，水獭，野兔或熊等小型和大型游戏的狩猎狗，以及用于狩猎的猛禽。在5世纪左右，将与猎鹰和鹰之类的猛禽狩猎作为精英追捕。

_{来自阿尔戈斯猎鹰之家的马赛克}

Among the earliest visual representations of falconry in Europe is the mosaic from the House of the Falconer at Argos (c. AD 500) and an early 6th century gilded fibula from Xanten which may represent a horseman wielding a falcon’s lure.

埋葬习俗的线索

The value of horses, dogs, and birds of prey within barbarian society is attested by their role in burial customs and cults. Whole animals, especially horses and dogs, often occur in the cemeteries of barbarian groups during the Early Middle Ages and are frequently interpreted as the personal property of the dead. Bones, claws, and teeth or tusks of wild animals are also found in burials and seem to have been an indicator of social status, symbolising a hunter’s accomplishments, as well as possibly amulets, transferring the animal’s strength to the hunter by apotropaic means.

_{从摩德纳附近的Spilamberto的Lombard公墓的马（没有头）的骨架}

The presence of these animals in cemeteries informs us about the major role they played in the society of the Early Middle Ages in a way that is not apparent from settlement contexts, where they are poorly represented.